[용어 설명] Multiomics (다중체학)의 개념: Genomics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics

먼저 -omics란 -ome에 대해 연구하는 학문이다. 여기에서 -ome은 특정 집합체를 의미한다 [1].

• Genome을 연구하는 genomics
• Transcriptome을 연구하는 trancscriptomics
• Proteome을 연구하는 proteomics
• Metabolome을 연구하는 metabolomics
• Metagenome을 연구하는 metagenomics
• Epigenome을 연구하는 epigenomics

이때 Multiomics란 2개 이상의 -ome을 종합적으로 연구하는 학문을 말한다. 다양한 -ome 간의 상호작용을 연구하여 새로운 정보를 얻을 수 있다는 장점이 있다 [2].

 

그 중에서 세포 내 유전적 정보의 흐름에 따라 genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics 순으로 배열할 수 있다. 각각에 대해서 구체적으로 설명하면 다음과 같다 [3].

1. Genomics: Genomics refers to the study of the entire genome (the complete set of DNA) of an organism. The genome contains the genetic blueprint that encodes all the necessary information for an organism to function, grow, and reproduce.
2. Transcriptomics: Transcriptomics studies the transcriptome, which is the entire set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome under specific conditions. Transcription is the process in which the genetic information in DNA is copied into RNA molecules. These RNA molecules, including messenger RNA (mRNA), serve as templates for protein synthesis.
3. Proteomics: Proteomics focuses on the proteome, the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism at a given time. The proteome is produced through translation, the process in which the genetic information carried by mRNA molecules is used to synthesize proteins. Proteins are responsible for a wide range of cellular functions, such as catalysis, signaling, transport, and structural support.
4. Metabolomics: Metabolomics is the study of the metabolome, the complete set of small molecules and metabolites found in a cell, tissue, or organism at a given time. Metabolites are involved in various cellular processes, such as energy production, building blocks for biomolecules, and signaling. The metabolome is largely influenced by the activity of proteins, particularly enzymes, which catalyze metabolic reactions.

즉, DNA로부터 RNA가 전사(transcript)되고, RNA로부터 protein이 번역(translate)되며, 효소 등의 protein에 의해 metabolic processes가 일어나서 metabolites (an intermediate or end product of metabolism [4]/ smaller molecules compared to proteins/ sugars, lipids, amino acids, nucelotides 등이 해당 [3])가 생성될 수 있고, 그에 따라 위와 같은 순서로 배열할 수 있다.

 

 

 

Reference

1. https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%ED%95%99
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiomics
3. ChatGPT
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolite